Niche Social Networks Turn to Social Gaming and Social Entertainment

Here’s an interesting Social Gaming Summit 2009 panel discussion on player acquisition and retention for social games

The panelists made several interesting remarks about acquiring and retaining social game players  –

1. Facebook is a more superior platform than MySpace for both acquiring and retaining users. Facebook gives game developers more mechanisms for viral growth and Facebook’s international user base is more receptive to game invites. Moreover, Facebook users don’t uninstall apps as they are hidden away, whereas MySpace users churn more quickly as apps show up on their profile pages. This discussion isn’t really relevant outside the US anyways, because Facebook is far ahead in terms of numbers.

2. While Facebook and MySpace platforms are mature enough for game developers to build businesses on top of them, developers will be wise to distribute games across platforms and invest in a destination site to aid discovery and create a customized game experience.

3. Increasingly, retaining users (DAU/ MAU), keeping them engaged and monetizing them is becoming more important in social gaming than acquiring users via CPA ads or viral invites. So, developers should balance fun gameplay with viral game mechanics.

I also found Tagged‘s approach to social gaming very interesting. CEO Greg Tseng explained that Tagged is aiming to become the social network for discovering people around social gaming and dating. However, Tagged isn’t trying to become an open social gaming platform like Hi5. Instead, it’s developing its own games (like Pets and Farm) and striking exclusive deals with game developers like Zynga (for Poker and the now discontinued Mafia Wars and YoVille) and Crowdstar (for Happy Aquarium) to distribute their games.

During the panel, Tseng mentioned that Tagged will also start developing games for the Facebook and mobile platforms. Since then, Tagged has done lightweight sign-up integration with Facebook, MySpace and Twitter, and released an iPhone app. It seems that Tagged is also adding a music and entertainment focus, with recent tie ups with Nas and Damian Marley and Bon Jovi for premiering their songs on the network.

Tagged has 80 million registered users, but its monthly unique visitors has dropped from more than 9 million last year to about 4 million now according to Compete (Tagged has 0.8 million unique users in India as per Vizisense). So, it seems that its social gaming play isn’t really working.

As Facebook transforms itself from a social network to a social platform, second tier social networks like Hi5 and Tagged are turning to social gaming to define a niche for themselves. While Hi5 is positioning itself  as an alternative to Facebook as an open gaming platform, Tagged is now trying to become a game developer itself.

I think there’s a play for smaller social networks like Tagged to create a compelling offering around a combination of social gaming, social entertainment and social commerce and build on top of the Facebook and iPhone/ Android platforms. However, to realize this vision, these social networks will have to create innovative games that bridge gaming, entertainment and commerce — Booyah’s Nightclub City comes closest so far — instead of creating Farmville clones.

What do you think? What should second tier social networks like Tagged and India’s Ibibo do? Do share your thoughts in the comments below.

What is More Social: Playing With Your Real Friends or Making Friends With Strangers You Are Playing With?

Here’s a fascinating panel discussion from Social Gaming Summit 2009 on social games outside social networks with –

- Andrew Busey – Founder and CEO, Challenge Games
- Jim Greer – Founder and CEO, Kongregate
- Daniel James – Founder and CEO, Three Rings
- Matt Mihaly – CEO and Creative Director, Sparkplay Media
- Jeremy Liew – Managing Director, Lightspeed Venture Partners

The panel raises some interesting questions about what really makes social games social –

1. What is more social: playing with your real friends or making friends with strangers you are playing with?

This is similar to the social network versus community question: hardcore gamers (who don’t have too many real-life friends) might become friends with other gamers, but most people would prefer to play games with their real friends, as a means to connect with them. Like I said, the favorite part of playing like Nightclub City for me is exchanging gifts with my girlfriend, and watching her build the most kitschy club ever.

2. What is more social: primarily single-player, asynchronous, asymmetric (but primarily collaborative) games like Nightclub City or multi-player, synchronous and symmetric (but primarily competitive) games like World of Warcraft?

The best social games today — like Nightclub City — are designed around three core social elements: you play with your real friends (real social graph), you benefit if you help your friends (collaborative), and you exchange favors, gifts and messages with your friends (turn-based). However, they need to build upon these strengths by enabling players to interact in real time (synchronous) with friends and friends-of-friends (symmetric). In the context of Nightclub City, imagine being able to visit not only your friends’ clubs, but also their friends’ clubs (that should be simple). Or, imagine getting double points (to play bartender or bouncer, for instance) if you visit your friends’ club while they are playing.

3. What is more social: destination gaming networks like Kongregate that connect to the Facebook social graph via the Open Graph platform, or apps like Nightclub City that exist as Facebook apps?

Already, social game designers are moving to a multi-platform model, where you can play the game with your friends on farmville.com or petsociety.com via Facebook Connect, but also on Facebook, as an app, or even on other social networks like Yahoo!, MySpace and Hi5, or mobile platforms like iPhone and Android. Ironically, Facebook is driving this trend by enabling third-party sites to tap into the Facebook social graph with Open Graph, as it sees itself more as a web platform than a destination site.

So, I see all these three OR question evolving into AND answers, where social games will exist on both social networks and on their own destination sites, become true synchronous, symmetric, collaborative MMORPGs, help players both maintain existing strong ties with their friends and form new weak ties with their friends-of-friends, and even merge the real and virtual worlds.

What do you think? Am I being too idealistic here? Do share your insights in the comments below.

Game Review: I Like How Booyah is Blending Social Gaming and Social Entertainment with Nightclub City

Booyah Nightclub City

I really like what Booyah is blending social gaming and social entertainment with Nightclub City.

Nightclub City is similar to the many farm-, city-, mall- and restaurant- building games on Facebook in its core concept and social engagement elements.

You try to build the best nightclub in town by decorating it to increase its luxury, stocking up the bar to keep the drinks flowing, hiring bartenders and bouncers to help pour drinks and kick out the jerks, playing DJ by mixing music from upcoming real-life musicians, building an entourage of regulars, and inviting celebrities to make your club more popular.

You can invite your Facebook friends to become your neighbors,  include them in your entourage and dress them up, hire them as bartenders and bouncers, send them gifts to help them decorate their clubs, visit their clubs, and earn money by stocking up their bars, or playing guest DJ while they are away.

Even though it is similar in core concept and game mechanics to other Facebook games in the genre, Nightclub City is setting the gold standard for style amongst social games. Each design element is dynamic: lights flash, floors light up, fountains flow, walls sparkle, and robots serve drinks. Plus, you are spoiled in terms of choice: you can buy an almost endless variety of attractive floors, dance floors, walls, bars, seating and other items to decorate your club.

The non-playing characters have distinct looks and personalities: the dancing girls rock on, the high rollers party in style, the regulars come back for the music, the party animals come back for the drinks and often puke, the jerks pick up fights and need to be kicked out, each celebrity is modeled after a real-life celebrity. All these characters, and your friends, move around the club, order drinks, dance, order drinks in happiness when you dedicate a song to them or do a bass drop, and leave in unhappiness when the club gets too crowded.

Then, there is the constant stream of daily giveaways of achievement badges and premium virtual goods for throwing out troublemakers, dedicating songs to guests, dropping the bass or guest DJing frequently; building up the club’s drink storage capacity, luxury score, or popularity score; selling more drinks, entertaining more people, earning more tips, or saving more money; and having more high rollers or celebrities party at the club at the same time.

It’s incredible that, with so much going on, Nightclub City has stayed non-spammy. The suggestion to publish items on your or your friends’ walls, invite or message friends, or gift items to friends are all subtle. The game mechanics encourages collaboration, not competition, and the game has no leaderboard. So, it’s a good game to play with your partner and, on a typical evening in our house, both my girlfriend and I have  Nightclub City (and Miri Ben-Ari) running in the background.

Which brings me to the number one reason why I love Nightclub City: it’s not only pushing the boundaries of social gaming, it’s also pushing the boundaries of social entertainment. I discovered Grammy-winning Israeli hip-hop violinist Miri Ben-Ari on Nightclub City and so have many of her 100,000 fans on Facebook. Booyah licenses music for Nightclub City from real upcoming musicians and is positioning itself as a music promotional platform and signing up even more musicians.

Imagine the possibilities here. What if you could import your iTunes playlists into Nightclub City? What if you could not only like  Miri Ben-Ari’s page on Facebook as you are listening to her music on Nightclub City, but also buy her music from iTunes? What if you could pay Miri Ben-Ari to guest DJ at your club? What if you could pay celebrities to visit your club, by liking their page on Facebook? I am sure Booyah will continue to push the limits of social entertainment with Nightclub City.

It’s not surprising then that Nightclub City has gained 4.5 million active users since April and was ranked by Inside Social Games as the No. 1 Best Facebook Game of 2010, even though Booyah didn’t do any advertising for Nightclub City in its early days, and has still kept its ad budget minimal (Booyah CEO Keith Lee in an Inside Social Games interview). Interesting, Booyah only claimed Nightclub City last week, claiming that it wanted to Nightclub City to become big enough in stealth mode.

Nightclub City fits in with Booyah’s vision of “creating new forms of entertainment to the masses by bringing together elements of the real world and the digital world”. Booyah’s location-based game MyTown, available from the US iPhone app store, is a good example of their real-virtual hybrid approach. You can buy and own your favorite real-life locations, collect rent when other people check-in to your shops and upgrade your shops to increase their value. MyTown is the biggest location app today — bigger than Foursquare — with 2.7 million users.

I have written before that I’m really excited about services like SCVNGR and Geocaching that merge the real with the virtual — see my killer startup idea GTTGTHR (Get Together) that merges game mechanics, location, intention and transactions. I’m now adding services that merge social entertainment with social gaming to my list of trends to watch out for.

Fascinating Mid-2008 Panel Discussion on Social Game Design

Do watch this fascinating mid-2008 panel discussion on social game design where social game thinkers and designers Amy Jo Kim (@amyjokim), Nicole Lazzaro (@nicolelazzaro) and Ian Bogost (@ibogost) join John Welch from PlayFirst  and Jeremy Liew (@jeremysliew) from Lightspeed Venture Partners to discuss, amongst other topics, Parking Wars.

Amy talks about game mechanics, Nicole talks about fun in games, Ian talks about the link between game life and real life and John talks about social game monetization, and, surprisingly, most of the discussion is still topical.

Even more fascinating are the questions that don’t seem topical anymore — like the debate on whether game designers should allow players who have more time than money to buy new skills and artifacts and level up, a tactic that is included by default in most social games now.

As you watch the video, think about how game mechanics can either increase interactions between players or reduce it, so that they have less fun even as they earn more points. How can we improve some of the most popular social games by tweaking the game mechanics to increase collaborative win-win exchanges between players?

Also think about how much social games have evolved over the last two years even though the core game design principles haven’t changed much. What does that tell us about social gaming two years from now?

Do share your insights in the comments section.

The Difference Between Communities, Social Networks and Social Outposts

Over the last year, I have helped a dozen brands change how they think about 360 degree marketing by encouraging them to ask themselves three simple questions –

1. Who are our evangelists and what are their passions?
2. What are the values embedded in our brand?
3. How can we connect our brand values with our evangelists’ passions?

Often, online lifestyle- or cause-based communities hosted by the brand are a good way to transform customers and citizens into evangelist. However, brand managers and even other social media folks are often confused about the difference between social networks and communities.

Basically, social networks like LinkedIn and Facebook represent our existing relationships. Communities like Dell Go Green and Royal Challengers Bangalore represent our passions. Communities can be connected with social networks via APIs, RSS feeds, widgets or social outposts like Facebook Pages or LinkedIn Groups.

In a series of well-written posts, Lithium‘s Michael Wu (@michael8wu) does a great job of outlining the difference between social networks and communities and the role each plays into building weak ties, converting weak ties into strong ties, and maintaining strong ties.

In the first post, he outlines the differences between social networks and communities –

Social Networks are:

1. Held together by pre-established interpersonal relationships between individuals. So you know everyone that is directly connected to you.
2. Each person has one social network. But a person can have different social graphs depending on what relationship we want to focus on.
3. They have a network structure.

Communities are:

1. Held together by some common interests of a large group of people. Although there may be pre-existing interpersonal relationship between members of a community, it is not required.
2. Any one person may be part of many communities.
3. They have overlapping and nested structure.

In the second post, he explains that we form weak ties via shared communities and shared connections in our social networks.

In the third post, he argues that communities around shared passions are the key to converting weak ties into strong ties.

In the fourth post, he argues that social networks are the key to maintaining strong ties.

So, we need both focused communities and broad social networks and we need to connect them together as tightly as possible.

I have been evangelizing this hybrid approach for over a year now and it’s nice to see that others are now beginning to see the value in knitting together communities and social networks.

afaqs! Story on What the Sunsilk Gang of Girls Redesign Means for Branded Social Networks

I was quoted recently in an afaqs! story on what the Sunsilk Gang of Girls redesign means for branded social networks.

I said that Sunsilk Gang of Girls has been on the decline for a long time now and HUL’s latest brand-centric redesign will not arrest the downward trend.

I also argued that, in spite of HUL’s missteps, branded communities are more relevant today than ever before. In fact, I am seeing a BIG trend in consumer brand marketing: the center of gravity in 360° marketing is shifting from TV commercials to online communities.

Here’s traditional 360° marketing in four steps –

Step 1: Identify a brand message that represents the brand values
Step 2: Produce a TVC to communicate the brand message and adapt the key visual to print etc.
Step 3: Buy ads to promote the message across channels
Step 4: Repeat with a new TVC with a different creative twist on the brand message

As TVC-centric campaigns don’t really build upon previous campaigns, the brand starts and ends with zero attention in spite of high ad spends.

Here’s 360° marketing redux in four steps –

Step 1: Identify a big social object (lifestyle, interest or cause) that is connected with the brand values
Step 2: Build an online community around the social object
Step 3: Create a campaign to energize evangelists across channels
Step 4: Repeat with a connected campaign around the same social object

So, the new role of the campaign is to recruit evangelists into the brand-hosted community. As community-centric campaigns build upon the work done in the previous campaigns, they add new layers to the community each time and grow attention over time.

But the shift in the center of gravity from TV commercials to online communities is only one of the six shifts I am seeing in 360° marketing –

1. From TVC-centric campaign to community-centric campaign
2. From inside-out brand message to outside-in social object
3. From standalone campaigns to a series of campaigns that build upon each other
4. From standalone content pieces to permission-based content streams
5. From linear ad-supported growth to viral organic growth
6. From measuring success based on reach and frequency to participation

The Pepsi Refresh Project is a great case study that showcases these six shifts.

Here is the full text of the afaqs! story –

No gangs on Sunsilkgangofgirls.com
Kapil Ohri | afaqs! | New Delhi, July 21, 2010

Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) has recreated Sunsilkgangofgirls.com, the website of its Sunsilk brand.

Surprisingly, the revamped version of the site does not have prominent social networking features, which were once the fulcrum of the portal’s content strategy. Instead, the revamped Sunsilkgangofgirls.com seems more product-centric and lays more emphasis on various global hair care experts, with whom the brand has tied up to co-create its shampoos.

For the uninitiated, the site was first unveiled in 2006 with social networking and user generated content features such as blogs and communities (gangs). The site has 7.5 lakh registered members till date. It was regarded as a case study and a benchmark for digital advertising in India.

While the earlier avatars of the website allowed members to create their own profiles, write blogs and join ‘gangs’ or communities to share and discuss various issues apart from hair care, on the new site, users will no longer be allowed to have their own blogs; instead, a few hair care blogs will exist, which will be authored by experts. New ‘gang’ or community creation feature will be disabled.

“Existing gang or community members will see old gangs or communities, while the creation of new ‘gangs’ feature is deactivated for the time being,” Chaya Brian Carvalho, founder and managing director, BC Web Wise confirms to afaqs!. Digital agency BC Web Wise has created the Sunsilkgangofgirls.com website.

However, the re-launched site will have ‘forums’ where members can discuss hair and fashion related issues with each other. Carvalho says, “Girls interacting one on one is more popular than them forming groups or gangs. Given that there are many new features we need to promote on the site, forming gangs is not a feature we are promoting right now. Ganging per se will be reintroduced with the right kind of online activation in the future.”

Carvalho declined to comment on the core reasons behind the withdrawal or change in social media features. She explains, “The change in social networking features is strategic and in line with what is happening in the social media space.” Though Carvalho is not explicit in her statement on the deactivation of some social media features on the Sunsilk website, it is possible that these features may have lost relevance on the site, which could have led the brand to take the step.

Surprisingly, the brand has integrated Sunsilk’s Facebook brand page and Twitter account on the homepage of Sunsilkgangofgirls. Does this also indicate a shift in the online content strategy of Sunsilk?

afaqs! spoke with a few digital industry experts to find out their opinions on this matter and ask whether standalone branded social media sites are relevant for consumers in today’s time of Facebook and Orkut.

Lakshmipathy Bhat, vice-president, Draft FCB Ulka believes that a branded social media site is totally irrelevant. He says, “As soon as brands get involved, the whole idea of social networking gets hampered. It’s then only about the interest of the brands. If I want to know about brands and the tips they have to offer – I will visit the website, but definitely not for social networking.”

Shubho Sengupta, creative head, digital, Rediffusion Y&R, says, “It depends on the brand or activity. The rule of thumb is that short term tactical engagements are good on Facebook and other social media sites, while a long term property needs a website – but very much integrated with Facebook (and other such sites) through Facebook Connect and other tools.”

Gaurav Mishra, chief executive officer, 2020 Social, claims, “Sunsilkgangofgirls.com has been on the decline for a long time now and HUL’s latest brand-centric redesign will not arrest the downward trend.”

He adds, “In spite of HUL’s missteps, branded communities are more relevant today than ever before. In fact, I am seeing a big trend in consumer brand marketing and the centre of gravity in 360 degree marketing is shifting from TV commercials to online communities.”

Financial Chronicle Story on the Rising Role of Social Networks Like Facebook and LinkedIn in Recruiting

Financial Chronicle recently quoted me in a story on the rising role of social networks like Facebook and LinkedIn in recruiting.

I said that there’s a lot of interest amongst HR practitioners in using LinkedIn and Twitter not only for recruiting candidates, and doing reference checks, but also for tracking what past, present and prospective employees are saying about the company and proactively participating to build a strong employee brand. However, in large corporates, such interest is usually at a personal level and social networks are not really seen as an integral part of the HR toolkit.

I also mentioned that startups in the tech and agency space are much more active in using social networks for recruitment. For instance, I hired all three members of my senior team at 2020 SocialUpasana, Kaushal and Gautam — after first connecting with them on social networks.

Here is the full text of the Financial Chronicle story –

LinkedIn, Facebook can help you get a job
By Reji John Jul 20 2010 , Mumbai

A new social media policy akin to a code of conduct by Infosys, likely to be rolled out next month, may restrict what and how much of information tech-savvy Infoscions may be allowed to share on social media platforms. However, human resource managers in Indian companies, mainly small and medium sized, have begun to trawl LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter more actively to find good talent, to know more about prospective employees and to examine resumes.

Haier Electronics has been using social media for the past one year to examine prospective employees. “We have researched for candidates and sometimes looked for candidates’ information in addition to what is provided on the resume,” said Sandeep Tyagi, general manager of human resources at Haier.

Polaris Software has used social media for recruitment in the past on an experimental basis. Thou-gh the company does not now have a corporate policy in social media’s role in corporate HR, it is in the process of creating one.

Social media platforms and blogs are increasingly becoming an important part of screening candidate’s profile. For Indian companies it is still too early, but experts believe the trend is already catching on.

“In India, it is at a very nascent stage and companies are beginning to understand and study the importance of it. A lot of it is happening at the level of individual HR managers. Not many companies have a formal policy on this. Certainly, not the large companies in India,” said Gaurav Mishra, chief executive officer, 2020 Social, a social media research and strategy company. In fact, Mishra recently conducted a workshop for the RPG Group on leveraging social media for businesses including HR functions. “Social media presence is good to have, but it is not a must have. Having a personal blog or presence in other forms of social media gives a good insight into the candidate’s personality and thinking to the hiring manager,” said a Google India spokesperson

According to the 2010 social media recruiting survey by Jobvite, social recruiting has become a mainstream channel for companies. Over 83 per cent of the respondents say they either use or plan to use social media. Accenture had recently said they would recruit 50,000 people this year, with 40 per cent sourced through social media.

While the above are not examples from India, but experts think it does indicate certain trends for India as well. Will social media become so significant in the recruiting process for Indian companies? “Certainly not,” said Mishra. “Neither the traditional forms of recruiting and recruitment firms become irrelevant because of social media,” he added.

However, not every HR expert is kicked about what is offer on social media when it comes to finding employees. “From my practice, the worse the employee is, the more connections and recommendations they have in LinkedIn. I personally know some very low performers, who were in fact fired after working less than a year. However, they all have very shiny profiles in LinkedIn with lots of buzz words, connections and even recommendations,” wrote Suzanne Lucas in her blog — Evil HR Lady.

The End of the Monomyth: We Need New Myths in the 21st Century

In 1949, Joseph Campbell asserted in The Hero With a Thousand Faces that all myths share the same fundamental structure and stages. So, all myths can be represented in a monomyth — The Hero’s Journey –

A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man.

In 1977, Robert Jewett and John Shelton Lawrence extended the idea to ‘The American Monomyth‘ –

A community in a harmonious paradise is threatened by evil; normal institutions fail to contend with this threat; a selfless superhero emerges to renounce temptations and carry out the redemptive task; aided by fate, his decisive victory restores the community to its paradisiacal condition; the superhero then recedes into obscurity.

The monomyth of the Hero’s Journey has been at the heart of the storytelling in 20th century, especially in Hollywood, so much so that Christopher Vogler’s ‘The Writer’s Journey‘ is considered an essential guidebook for screenwriters.

However, in highlighting similarities between myths, the monomyth hides the important differences between cultures and genders.

In the 21st century, we need to turn away from the monomyth and find new narratives that celebrate diversity. We need new myths in the 21st century and we won’t find them in Hollywood blockbusters. We will need to create them ourselves, collectively, on blogs and online communities. We will need to become the myths we want to create. Are we ready?

Anne Lamott on the One-Inch Picture Frame on Her Desk

Anne Lamott on the one-inch picture frame on her desk –

It reminds me that all I have to do is to write down as much as I can see through a one-inch picture frame. This is all I have to bite off for the time being.

E.L. Doctrow once said that “writing a novel is like driving a car at night. You can only see as far as your headlights but you can make the whole trip that way.” You don’t have to see where you are going, you don’t have to see you destination or everything you will pass along the way. You just have to see two or three feet ahead of you. This is right up there with the best advise about writing, or life, that I have ever heard.

Stephen King on His Male Cigar-Smoking Muse

Stephen King on his male muse who sits in the basement and smokes cigars –

There is a muse but he is not going to come fluttering into writing room and scatter creative fairy-dust all over your typewriter or computer station. He lives in the ground. He is a basement guy. You have to descend to his level, and once you get down there you have to furnish an apartment for him to live in. You have to do all the grunt labor, in other words, while the muse sits and smokes cigars and admires his bowling trophies and pretend to ignore you… He may not be much to look at that muse-guy, and he may not be much of a conversationalist (what I get out of mine is mostly surly grunts, unless he is on duty), but he’s got the inspiration.

Three Tips on Writing From Stephen King and Anne Lamott

I am writing a book and I have been reading books about writing a book.

I started with Stephen King’s ‘On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft’, I just finished Anne Lamott’s ‘Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life’ and I have James Scott Bell’s ‘Plot & Structure: Techniques And Exercises For Crafting A Plot That Grips Readers From Start To Finish’ waiting for me on my Kindle.

Here are my favorite tips from Stephen King and Anne Lamott –

1. Force yourself to sit down every day and write. Anne Lamott suggests at least 300 words every day, Stephen King allows himself to shut down before he gets his 2000 words “only under dire circumstances”.

2. Write the first draft for your own eyes only. You write the first rough draft “with the door closed”, knowing that no one else but you will read it. Then, you go over it again “with the door open”, choose to keep the best parts and edit out the rest, and show it to someone you trust.

3. Focus on the characters, not the plot. If you let the characters guide you, if you trust them to show you who they really are, the plot with ultimately fall into place.

Which are your favorite books about writing a book? What are your favorite tips from these books? Do share in the comments section.

Elif Shafak: Write About the Unknown, Not the Known

In this TED talk, novelist Elif Shafak talks about how stories can trap us into cultural ghettos, into circles of the known, and also free us to step beyond our circles to explore and embrace the unknown.

She says that creative writing students are taught to “write about what you know”, but, perhaps, it’s better to “write about the unknown”; perhaps, it’s better to step out of our cultural ghettos and explore the next one, and the next.

I especially like her metaphor that writers should be like a drawing compass, with one leg rooted in a place and another part moving around, drawing a wide circle. The best stories, after all, are the ones which are “about here, but also about everywhere”.

Killer Startup Idea: GTTGTHR.com (Get Together at Places With Friends of Friends)

My friend Amit Klein and I have been giving away startup ideas on our blogs. Amit has previously talked about a service that lets you “follow” your favorite digital content and a service that aggregates and prioritizes incoming social messages based on what’s really important to you. I have previously written about a service that lets you create challenges for yourself and your friends based on your real-life goals.

Amit and I have been bouncing together ideas on interesting startup opportunities and here’s another startup we think someone should build: GTTGTHR.com (pronounced Get Together) — a service for getting together at places with friends of friends. As you can imagine, the service is inspired by services like SCVNGR that bring together the real world and the virtual world.

GTTGTHR.com (Get Together at Places With Friends of Friends)

Here’s how Amit and I see users interacting with the service –

Step 1: You sign up using your Facebook ID and indicate your interest in joining different types of get-togethers: meet up for coffee, watch a movie, listen to live music, go shopping, learn how to dance etc.

Step 2: You browse through a list of awesome things to do in the city around your interests. Like Thrillist.

Step 3: You indicate that you will attend a proposed get-together, or suggest a venue for a proposed get-together, or propose a new get-together. Like Plancast.

Step 4: The system will connect you with friends-of-friends who have also expressed an interest in attending similar get-togethers. Like Thread.

Step 5: Once a group of friends-of-friends have decided to attend a get together, they might get a surprise group deal offer from the venue. Like Living Social.

Step 6: Users can be designated hosts for venues, activities, or even cities. Like Foursquare.

I see elements #1, #2, #3, #4 and #6 as engagement elements leading up to the real #5 group buying core.

You should build the service using the Facebook and Foursquare APIs and launch it city by city, starting with New York. The service has intention, location, game mechanics and transactions built in, so, you should be able to get some VC interest, with a decent beta.

What do you think? Would a service like GTTGTHR.com get traction? Would you like to build it? Has someone already built it?

Dare Magazine Story on How Indian Brands Are Using Social Media

Dare Magazine recently quoted me in a story on how Indian brands are using social media.

I said that Indian brands are beginning to use social media across the sales, marketing, customer support and innovation functions for gathering insights and leads, responding to conversations, running proactive campaigns and even building standalone evangelist communities.

See my earlier post on 18 social CRM use cases to understand the full scope of opportunities for organizations to use social media.

Here is the full text of the Dare Magazine story –

Is Social Net Working For You?

The growing clout of social networking sites is adding to the number of businesses wanting to leverage this interactive platform for profit. While some businesses have been quick to reap the benefits, patience is the name of the game for many.

Shinjini Ganguli

It is now a popular belief that more people log in to their Facebook accounts than read newspapers. While the jury is out on this one, newspapers have certainly been spending more newsprint writing about the rise of this new democracy.

Marketing managers in companies, big and small, have been adding generous sprinkles of social networking in their menus. It is safe to say that in an executive’s life in urban India, no day passes without the mention of one of the social networking triumvirate: Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn.

The question to ask is: what good has it done to me? We asked a number of practitioners this question and came back with one answer which hung out loud and clear: It is a good brand building tool. Most of them concurred that one would be over optimistic in expecting direct business returns from social networking yet. Some of them even questioned the very mindset of wanting ‘everything to be monetized’. All of them said social networking is too important to ignore anymore.

What is it good for?

Saying ‘good’ would perhaps be an understatement. Social networking sites (SNSs) have been like a bubble without an impending possibility of bursting. Amid the ruins of the chaos that is left behind by the US meltdown, businesses have taken to online social media which is as contagious as were the collapsing empires. Though, it has been present for some time, it’s in the recent years that it has witnessed a remarkable rise in its acceptance worldwide.

Of course, India is no exception. Trying to make up for the sluggish days, many have joined the bandwagon hoping to make the best of it. “SNSs are basically an opportunity for Indian businesses” says Mahesh Murthy, founder and CEO of Pinstorm. From creating a wider customer base through communication and direct interaction with customers to inexpensive marketing, SNSs have helped companies with much more. And indisputably ‘Brand Building’ is the first one on the list. As Rajesh Lalwani of Blogworks likes to say “Brand building is as good as revenue generation.” True as it stands, not many Indian businesses have been able to generate revenue directly from their activities on the SNSs but it definitely has an indirect impact. “They impact intangibles, which in the long run, impact tangibles like revenue, sales, etc.” said Abhishek Rai, founder of Shack Design Co.

However, there are a few exceptions that would soon be no more a minority. Some are already at it— making ‘moolah’. “Today, quite a few businesses are getting leads through social networking sites,” tells Gaurav Mishra, CEO of 20:20 Social. And not just retail but all businesses. In fact, much against the popular belief, online social media not only helps retail businesses generate money but manufacturing businesses too can benefit from engaging in activities on sites like Alibaba, etc.

Another very important aspect of Web 2.0 is research. Many conduct thorough research; they read people’s comments, ask for reviews, discuss before buying a product. “People can’t buy a car online, but one can research, consult and discuss online,” says Rajesh Lalwani. This essentially means SNSs have a direct bearing on the customers’ purchase decisions. Looking at it from customers or buyers point of view, businesses which were entirely sales driven are gradually changing their attitude to stay in the race. Customers’ preferences, grievances, likes and dislikes are now the new priorities for companies. Companies have now woken up to the power of SNSs, where undesirable testimonials by unsatisfied customers can make or mar their reputation.

With a fan following of 13,751 and thousands of testimonials from them, Subir Malik, manager of the famous Indian band Parikrama says, “Now I know the power of Facebook. It’s brilliant.” Online social media has truly empowered the end users and customers. While demand has always driven supply, irrespective of the existence of SNSs, products never really matched customers’ needs so perfectly until today. Customers now contribute to product creation. This overhauled outlook of companies has not just benefited customers but themselves as well in more ways than one. SNSs help companies reach out to their target customers, understand their psyche and build a bond. And more often than not influence beliefs and notions by engaging and involving them in various activities such as discussions, contests, etc. All for a negligible investment, says Mathew Cherian, CEO of HelpAge. He reiterates that, “Online social media is a fairly reasonable and low-priced medium for connecting with people.”

Dos and Don’ts

There are no specific dos and don’ts that could be followed to engineer the absolute set of guidelines that’s a must when it comes to networking through online social media. However, the most critical thing that one must do is understand the dynamics of this virtual world. And there are no shortcuts to this as it deals with human beings. Therefore, the only way to learn is through trial and error.

However, one of the important things businesses, striving to enhance their topline, must stop hoping for is instant returns. As Rahul Razdan, President-Products and Operations at ibibo, puts it, “The mindset that everything needs to be monetized must be dropped.” Companies should look at it purely as a communication or brand building tool and not a moneyspewing one. Customers are no fools. They want value for money. “Blatant marketing only fractures the system,” says Arunava Sinha, Head of IBNlive.com and CricketNxt.com. He, in fact, believes that brands on internet don’t work well as “people don’t care where the content comes from.” Therefore, it is important to provide customers with quality products and services. No one buys a sub-standard product no matter how well it has been marketed.

Another reason that Pradeep Chopra, founder of DigitalVidya, a digital marketing training organization, says is often responsible for companies failing on this platform is, “lack of clarity in business objectives.” Every business must have its business objectives in place to avoid inconspicuousness alongside other established names. Online social media is a humongous pit, and many who don’t have fixed objectives often end up at the pit-hole. The ones who do, manage to survive.

Adding to the reasons that could lead to failure, Dave Evans, Author of ‘Social Media Marketing: An Hour a Day’, said many failed to capitalize on the usefulness of social media as they saw it as another “mouthpiece”. According to him, “on the social web, the fundamental ability to interrupt a viewer does not exist as it does on TV or in print. These types of efforts are typically ignored by consumers.” Having mentioned a few causes of failure, one thing that has let a few names get fortunate on this platform is their sincerity towards their customers. Instant responses to queries and grievances have earned a good name for companies like Kingfisher, CCD, ClearTrip, etc. Huge fan following of these companies only corroborates the fact.

However, to keep the fans engaged and loyal towards the brand, companies must have an active presence in social media. In fact, they have to be on their toes all along, introducing new contests, stirring discussions, updating, and more. Prolonged intervals in interactions may result in thinning interest of the customers. To meet the customers’ expectations, many companies are increasingly employing dedicated resources to take care of their various handles across SNSs. However, Arunava Sinha doesn’t believe it’s a good practice. He says, “SNSs should be like buffet to diners,” a dedicated workforce would only embolden the subtle stress on marketing. And “blatant marketing can kill it all.”

Dare Magazine Story on Whether Social Media Marketing Can Directly Impact Revenues

Dare Magazine recently quoted me in a story on whether social media marketing can directly impact revenues.

I said that while B2C brands in India will continue to struggle to establish a direct link between social media marketing and revenues, B2B companies, especially startups will find it easier to link their social media efforts with lead generation.

For example, more than half the leads for 2020 Social comes from my blog, and my connections on Twitter and LinkedIn.

Dell is betting big on social commerce and sales from its sales outlet on Twitter (@DellOutlet) have already crossed $6 million.

Here is the full text of the Dare Magazine story –

Show Me The Money!
Trying to keep pace with the prevailing trends, while most entrepreneurs are increasingly using social media, not many have caught a clink of the prized nickles yet.

Shinjini Ganguli

Despite all the hoopla, cynical entrepreneurs are not entirely ready to believe in the efficacy of online social networking. Among the hoardes of enthusiasts, the question that they seem to be struggling with is—Is it really working? Isn’t it a party out there where nothing happens except farming and cute messages or one liners from a hyper-active executives? We have been hearing a lot of whispers about people asking each other if this thing called social networking is really that hot. There are instances where people told us how they are disillusioned by all the hype media is creating. Looking at the confusion, we decided to delve deeper and find out what’s true and what’s not?

Is social net working for businesses?

After talking to an assorted bunch of people across various sectors and industries (we took a sample size of 25 startups), we can conclude that it is, partially. However, that doesn’t mean these companies have witnessed a surge in their revenue curves as a direct impact of social networking sites, except for a few of course.

What they meant when they said that “social networking sites are working” is that that “Networking through online social media” is helping them communicate, market, inform, share, publicise, express, engage and thereby have an increased sale. They claim that social networking sites have helped build relationships with customers besides shortening the distance. And giving “a personal touch to marketing,” says Sreejith N N, founder of ROPE (Rural Opportunities Production) Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.

Among the several others we spoke to, Sumit Jain, co-founder of CommonFloor, said, “To us it stands for easy traction and free publicity,” while an emphatic Anil Mathews of Imere said besides contributing in the commonly mentioned ways, “social networking sites are an excellent platform for self-expression.”  And while Saloni Malhotra of DesiCrew referred to social networking sites as “a brilliant tool”, Suresh Narshimha of TeliBramha kept it straight and clear saying, “It’s a great tool if you are not trying to sell”.

While a lot of good was said about social networking sites, mention of monetary benefits was only a rarity. Most companies said though online social media has widened their reach, moolah is eluding. However, some entrepreneurs admitted saying it’s not entirely a shortcoming of social networking sites but it’s the nature of their business that keeps them from making money online.

A couple of entrepreneurs pointed out that perhaps it’s more lucrative for retail business and not the manufacturing units. In their view, business with online target customers make a better deal of social networking sites than the ones with offline target customers. “Social networking sites don’t suite our products; it’s beneficial for IT companies,” says Aravind A Narayan founder of PureTech India, a coolant recovery manufacturing company.

The other reason for the eluding moolah that Anil Mathews brought to the table, applies not just to specific sectors but all Indian companies. He said, “Online social networking hasn’t taken off in India at the same pace as in the US for reasons like — Low penetration of internet and prevalent inhibited culture.”

Factoring in everything that has been said we can perhaps conclude by saying that though social networking sites are helping businesses in more ways than one, it will take some-time before cash starts flowing in. In fact, Gaurav Mishra, of 20:20 Social thinks that “While B2C businesses will continue to look at SNS as a marketing mix, B2B businesses will start generating revenue very soon”.

Is social networking hyped?

Well, there are a few who are clearly not mesmerised by the hype surrounding social networking sites. Though they give due credit to the benefits of social networking sites that has shrunken the world, they do not subscribe to the talks of social networking sites being a boon to humanity. They emphasize that the benfits are way exaggerated. Abhijit Bhattacharjee of Luna Ergonomics Pvt. Ltd. believes that even today, “Search engines are the most powerful when it comes to leveraging business.”

Despite the incessant positive spin about social networking sites, many still don’t believe in the merits of online social media when it comes to their business. They like to market their products offine. Sreejith N N told us that they market their products through exhibitions, distributing pamphlets, brochures, etc. “We make very little use of social networking sites as we cater to customers like IKEA, Walmart, etc. who needn’t be approached online,” said he. Some like Anshul Gupta of Salvage Settlers believe in direct interaction as the industry, wherein he operates, is relatively small. He says, “I don’t feel the need to be present on SNS actively.” However, he would like to join the online social network in future.

Why You Should NOT Integrate Game Mechanics Into Your Service

Even as we explore ways to apply game mechanics principles to non-game products and experiences — see social innovation game Urgent Evoke, hot location based service FourSquare, software training game Office Ribbon Hero, and white label game mechanics platforms Bunchball and Big Door Media — people are beginning to question the premise that adding points, leader boards, levels, and badges always improves user experience.

Sebastian Deterding (@dingstweets) thinks that the bigger design challenge here is not “how to include game mechanics”, but “how to create a playful context” that recognizes that gameplay is a voluntary activity, done at leisure, during free time, without serious consequences.

Pascal Rettig (@cykod) argues that we are confusing game mechanics, which is really about gameplay, with “the meta-mechanics that surround the game” and “induce behavior inside the game”. So, you should focus your efforts “on making the core of whatever system you are building more game-like (put simply, fun) and not just toss a thin-veneer of simple game mechanics around the outside.”

Brand Hargreaves (@bhargreaves) agrees that you should “start with the basic principles of psychology and game design and build them into your product at a fundamental level. Otherwise, it’s just an elaborate ritual that mimics the process but fails to understand the underlying truths.”

Shane Snow (@shanesnow) fears that many of the “games” being built in the social gaming hype won’t be fun or functional. At best, they will “distract the user from the core value proposition of the application or service.” At worst, they will annoy the user and “destroy value for users and creators alike.”

Neil Vidyarthi (@neilvidyarthi) points to the tendency of social game designers themselves to think that “as long a game was on Facebook, used notifications, challenges and achievements”, it would engage users and go viral.

I agree that the meaningfulness of the core service and the playfulness of the gameplay itself are more important than the game mechanics. However, like activity streams are here to stay (thanks to Facebook), game mechanics are here to stay (thanks to Zynga).

So, apart from the question I have asked before — how can you design a social network around a single feature? — we need to ask two more questions –

1. How can you design activity stream that are different from Facebook/ Twitter, to address different goals from Facebook/ Twitter?

2. How can you design game mechanics that are different from Farmville/ Foursquare, to address different goals from Farmville/ Foursquare?

Do note that you are not only trying to design different types of activity streams and game mechanics, you are also trying to use them to address different goals.

Even as we think about these questions, I expect almost every single service to incorporate game mechanics in some form, like every single service now incorporates activity streams in some form.

What do you think? Which products and services are pushing the envelope in improving user experience by integrating game mechanics into their design? Which white label game mechanics platforms are finding the most innovative ways to enable such integration? What are the most compelling arguments against integrating game mechanics into non-game contexts? What are the emerging best practices and case studies? Do share your insights in the comments below.

Update 1: The post has started an interesting discussion thread on Hacker News.

Update 2: Brand Hargreaves (@bhargreaves) agrees that game mechanics will become more widespread but argues that “they’re going to diversify” beyond Foursquare’s “Activity > Points > Badges flow”. He then points to five next generation game mechanics: building or growing, player versus player competition, real-world rivalries, leveling up, and chance.

How to Build a Social Network Based on a Single Feature

I believe that the next generation of global social networks will be built on single features.

Facebook has become the default social platform and social networks that try to compete with it by adding more features will struggle.

Some social networks will focus on a geography or a topic and build a strong community. However, they will address a niche market by design and find it difficult to scale beyond 5-10 million users.

Other social networks will try to ride the social gaming wave, but will struggle to out-maneuver the other social behemoth Zynga.

So, I am convinced that the next generation of global social networks will be built on single features. Two such platforms that already have scale are Twitter, which is built around status updates and Foursquare, which is built around check-ins. Two platforms I am watching are Quora, which is built around questions and Plancast, which is built around upcoming events. So, I repeat: if you are looking for the next big opportunity in the social web, look for single features that can be converted into full services.

“Challenges” is one such feature. I like how SCVNGR is trying to build an interesting service around “doing challenges at places” and Get Up and Move is trying to build a social innovation game around fitness challenges, but neither of them have cracked the code.

So, once you have identified “challenges” as the next big killer feature and bought a domain name that captures the spirit of challenges, how do you build a social network around it? Here’s how I would approach the opportunity:

#1: Build upon the Facebook and Twitter social graphs and identity systems. So, users log in with their Facebook and Twitter IDs, and connect with their friends (and perhaps friends-of-friends).

#2: Design a single-player mode to seed the social platform. So, users select their goals — lose wight, save money, write a novel — and the system suggests a series of challenges for beginner, intermediate and advanced users.

#3: Design a multi-player mode to spread the social platform virally. So, users create quid-pro-quo challenges for their friends: If you don’t eat out for the full week (because you want to save money), I’ll run for 30 minutes every day (because I want to lose weight).

#4: Design short play cycles that add up to meaningful results over time. So, users can challenge each other to perform specific challenges in the short term, but they can also measure themselves against other users, or other groups, to achieve their stated goals over the long term.

#5: Build-in game mechanics to motivate users to participate more. So, users can get points for challenges, level up, and even earn badges for specific goals, locations, or types of challenges.

#6: Build an API so that other developers can build on top of your social platform. So, a health and nutrition company can build a fitness challenge game for people who are trying to lose weight, or an independent developer can take on SCVNGR by combining location (via the FourSquare API perhaps) with challenges.

We’ll see that single-feature-as-a-social-platform startups will focus intensely on the feature itself, and not try to combine it with another feature (like SCVNGR does with location), or focus it on one use case (like Get Up and Move does with fitness). That will happen later, via the API, once the startup has established a new type of social graph around the feature.

What do you think? Which other startups are exploiting the single-feature-as-a-social-platform opportunity? Which other single-feature-as-a-social-platform opportunities remain unexploited? Do share your insights in the comments section.

Is Game Mechanics Enough to Create Meaningful Social Games?

Game designer and researcher Sebastian Deterding (@dingstweets) says that games are fun because they provide the player the positive experience of learning something new: mastering a new skill, solving a puzzle, recognizing a pattern.

Games create the optimal conditions to learn — notice and master rule patterns — because of the following seven characteristics –

#1: Games set specific, measurable, actionable, realistic and timed (SMART) short- and long-term goals for us.
#2: Games offer us explicit actions, designed as a series of interesting decisions or challenges.
#3: Games draw a clear relationship between completing the challenges and reaching the goals.
#4: Games tell us where we stand in relation to our goals and in relation to other players.
#5: Games give us instant, unambiguous, excessively strong positive (and negative) feedback.
#6: Games create more complex challenges for us as our skills grow, so that we stay in a state of flow.
#7: Games create social comparison to motivate us to compete with and learn from our friends.

Designers are trying to use game mechanics to design social innovation games (Urgent Evoke), consumer applications (FourSquare) and even enterprise software (Office Ribbon Hero).

However, the bigger design challenge here is not “how to include game mechanics”, but “how to create a playful context” that recognizes that gameplay is a voluntary activity, done at leisure, during free time, without serious consequences.

So, designers not only need to create the game mechanics based tool itself, but also the goals it seeks to achieve and the environment in which it will be used.

While I am excited about white label game mechanics platforms like Bunchball and Big Door Media, the applications that are built upon them will be only as meaningful as the goals they set out to achieve, and only as engaging as the storytelling they incorporate.

What do you think? What are your favorite “serious” social games? How have they addressed the challenge of striving towards a serious goal while retaining the sense of playfulness? Do share your insights in the comments.

Forbes Story on SMS-Based Social Messaging Platform SMSGupShup

I was recently quoted in a Forbes story on SMS-based social networking platform SMSGupShup.

I have written before that its problematic to compare SMSGupShup to Twitter because SMSGupShup is essentially a group SMS service. It doesn’t have a searchable public timeline, a robust API and application ecosystem, or the highly engaged user behavior we see on Twitter that is driven by public one-to-one conversations.

Most importantly, the default user behavior on Twitter is to “create” a status update, but the default user behavior on SMSGupShup is to “consume” updates or alerts created by others. I’ll not be surprised if less than 5% of SMSGupShup’s 30 million users have ever created an update, or created a profile.

Finally, Twitter and SMSGupShup differ in terms of who these “creators” are and what they are talking about. I suspect that my updates about social-media-gaming-design-technology and social-good-change-innovation-activism will attract many followers on SMSGupShup, while I have more than 6000 followers on Twitter. It seems to me that the local news, stock updates, jokes, cricket updates, and film gossip are the most popular topics on SMSGupShup and other group SMS services like MyToday, Tagg.in, Vakow and Google SMS Channel.

The good news is that  SMSGupShup isn’t really trying to be the poor man’s Twitter. Unlike Twitter’s “web-first” (or, perhaps, “app-first”) platform, SMSGupShup has built a “SMS-first” social messaging platform. Like Beerud says, “SMS is the http in the emerging market”, and SMSGupShup has the opportunity to introduce social messaging to the next billion users who “who haven’t heard of Google, Yahoo, Microsoft”.

So, more than 80% of SMSGupShup’s 30m users come from tier-2 and tier-3 towns and its expansion plans are built around the strategy of entering fast-growing emerging markets in Asia by tying up with carriers (it aims to be in at least five countries with ten carriers by year-end).

Apart from tying up with carriers for co-branded offerings to simplify monetization, SMSGupShup has been working on new revenue streams by creating custom channels for brands, opening up its API to application developers and creating an online marketplace for subscription plans, premium groups, and merchandise, which add up to impressive revenues of $7m, even though it loses about the same amount every year.

While group SMS seems like a simple offering, SMSGupShup has the advantage of scale on its side. It send about 1 billion SMS every month, and accounts for 8% of India’s SMS traffic, and its scale allows it to negotiate low SMS rates with mobile operators. As importantly, its 30mn user base enables group owners to grow their groups quickly, often with the help of cost-effective tag footer ads.

Going forward, SMSGupShup’s scale will be its most important asset and its biggest liability. On one hand, it will need to control the outgoing SMS cost, by limiting the feature set in its free offering, or by offering a more feature-rich web-only offering (a tempting, but risky, move, given its “SMS-first” DNA). On the other hand, it will need to find new ways to monetize its SMS infrastructure and user base, by building “SMS-first” Social CRM applications that both big brands and small businesses can use to connect with the next billion customers. It will be interesting to see how Beerud and the very talented team at SMSGupShup takes on this challenge.

Here’s the full text of the Forbes story on SMSGupShup –

Tweeting in 2G
Megha Bahree
Forbes Asia Magazine dated July 19, 2010

Beerud Sheth’s GupShup is group-messaging for the billion who have SMS only on a basic cellphone.

Globally there are 1.8 billion Web users and 4.6 billion mobile phone subscribers, double counting some multiple SIM cardholders. That’s a powerful comparison if you’re in the business of social media, and Beerud Sheth got the message.

“A majority of the connected world has nothing but a basic handset and SMS,” says Sheth. So, no Twitter or Facebook equivalents work for the proverbial bottom of the pyramid. Text messaging on cellphones, a popular mode of interaction in emerging markets and especially India, is the route to tap into that vast market of hundreds of millions, he says.

Sheth grew up in Mumbai but now sits in Silicon Valley, where in 2004 he cofounded Webaroo to be the company that jumps on this. Simple texting is a $100 billion market that Portio Research of the U.K. expects to grow 20% in the next four years. “The predominant form of text messaging is fairly primitive, as it’s one to one,” says Sheth, baby-faced at age 40. “Can we make it social? Can we make it one to many or even many to many?” Webaroo is trying through a service called SMS GupShup.

GupShup (Hindi for “chitchat”) launched three years ago to offer two kinds of messaging services. It buys network capacity in bulk from carriers so users can send text messages for free (in India subscribers don’t have to pay for receiving texts). In the more popular offering a user, called the publisher, can send out mass messages to everyone who signs up to a group. For instance, PepsiCo has used this to poll on new flavors for its Lays chips, Mumbai Traffic Police sends up to six traffic alerts through the day and stockbrokers send out tips. (This service restricts responses so that they go only to the publisher or else the mass traffic could swamp capacity.) About 30% of this traffic is sponsored, either with ads tagged on to the texts or by companies like PepsiCo who have created groups. So far this is the main source of Webaroo’s $7 million in revenues.

GupShup’s other feature is typically for smaller groups–friends or families who want personal communications. This service is paid for by the users and allows group replies, with no ads. Even though some basic phones allow SMS to multiple recipients, the replies usually go back only to the sender. And some operators let subscribers create groups of friends but only within the same carrier network.

To date SMS GupShup has signed up 30 million users and now buys network capacity to send roughly 1 billion text messages a month, as much as 8% of the SMS text traffic in India. It’s still losing about as much money as it brings in, but Sheth says he expects to break even in the first half of 2011. Webaroo has raised $37 million from Charles River Ventures and other Western VCs.

Sheth, an IIT grad, later did research at MIT’s Media Lab but dropped out of the Ph.D. program after three years for Wall Street. In 1998 he started Elance, an online contracting site that connects freelancers with employers (he still has a stake in that unlisted entity but is no longer active in it). It was with an angel investor in Elance, serial entrepreneur Rakesh Mathur, that he started Webaroo.

The company is ambitious about expanding SMS GupShup beyond India into other parts of text-happy Asia. It is now launching the service with three carriers in the Philippines (for more on that market see “Ayala’s Customer Guy”) and Indonesia. The aim is to be in at least five countries with ten providers by year-end.

Webaroo claims 150 brand advertisers and 10,000 smaller-size enterprises using the platform to either advertise on groups created by other users or to create their own groups, like PepsiCo, which says GupShup makes ideal sense for mass consumer products. This is targeted marketing–deals at a neighborhood grocery or gadget store. Signing up to a group on SMS is not like registering on a Web form, so GupShup doesn’t collect any data. But it does track user activity, to make inferences and build a user profile, which is then used by marketers to target ads.

(SMS GupShup also sees its share of sensitive conversations. In May in Mumbai railway motormen went on strike to demand higher wages and the trade unions mobilized people using GupShup, says Sheth. During the financial crisis some traders used it to spread rumors about potential bank failures. These messages are publicly available on GupShup’s website. “In such instances the investigating authorities have requested us for some additional data and we have complied with the law of the land,” he says.)

Can GupShup move beyond a revenue stream mainly from marketing blasts? “This is the opportunity to reach many more people than the Web did or could,” says Sheth. “SMS is the http in the emerging market. We could build Internet-like services on education, commerce, travel, shopping.”

But Gaurav Mishra, chief executive of 2020 Social, a Delhi business strategy firm, is skeptical about expanding the service. “It’s doing a decent job [of getting revenues] through advertisements, through tag footer ads,” he says. “[But otherwise] it’s fairly basic. … I can’t imagine [people using it for] anything beyond stock updates, jokes, cricket and Bollywood gossip. It has its utility as a content channel.”

Mishra goes on, “Theoretically everyone can become a creator and get a following of a few thousand people, [and that's] not dissimilar for an individual on Twitter. But if you’re looking to connect and talk with others and see what people are saying about a topic, then there’s no comparison to Twitter.” In India only 2 million people are on Twitter, but, he adds, “At what point in time will these users move to Twitter, and then what happens to GupShup?”

Sheth is unfazed. “In the Valley you’re always thinking, ‘Where do I find the next billion-dollar space, users who haven’t heard of Google, Yahoo, Microsoft?’” he says. “The emerging markets offer billions of new users that have never used the Web. However, Valley entrepreneurs often look past this opportunity since the potential revenue per user is lower, even though the high unit volumes compensate, or it’s hard to know the context and needs of large, remote populations.”

Fewer than 20% of SMS GupShup’s users are from the big metro cities. Most are from tier-two and tier-three cities. No-name but mobile savvy teenagers who send out jokes and Indian haikus have created the larger groups. In a village in the Malapuram district in northern Kerala a resident has launched a group to report local news, events and incidents. A member of the Hmar tribe from the mountainous northeastern state of Manipur started a group called SinlengNews to connect both the local tribe as well as Hmar migrants living in other parts of the country. The messages are in an English-language font but in the local language.

For the past four years Sheth has been “commuting” by economy air to Mumbai from the Bay Area two weeks nearly every month to run the business. Of late the Indian stays have lengthened, as he negotiates far-flung cell carriage deals. “I have three handsets, eight SIMs, three data cards and many more gadgets to keep me plugged in,” he says. “I feel I’m always connected, except when the e-mails are in my outbox waiting for the plane to land.” He plans soon to move with his family back to Mumbai.